Symbol:(q) Unit:    Coulomb (C) The fundamental electric quantity is charge. Atoms are composed of charge carrying particles: electrons and protons, and neutral particles, neutrons. The smallest amount of charge that exists is carried by an electron and a proton. Charge in an electron: qe = -1.602×10-19 C Charge in a proton: p = 1.602×10-19 C

Symbol: I Unit:   Ampere Current moves through a circuit element “through a variable.” Current is the rate of flow of negatively-charged particles, called electrons, through a predetermined cross-sectional area in a conductor. Like water flow. Essentially, the flow of electrons in an electric circuit leads to the establishment of current. I(t) =    dq/dt q: relatively […]

•           Symbol: V •           Unit: Volt Ø    Potential difference across two terminals in a circuit “across variable.” Ø    In order to move the charge from point A to point B, work needs to be done. Ø    Like potential energy at a waterfall. Ø    Let A be the    lower   potential/voltage terminal Ø    Let B be the    […]

          DC Motor is a two-wire continuous rotation motor and the two wires are power and ground. When the supply is applied, a DC motor will start rotating until that power is detached. Most of the DC motors run at high revolutions per minute (RPM), examples are; fans being used in […]

The flow of electric current through a conductor experiences a certain amount of resistance The resistance, expressed in ohms (, named after George ohm), kilo-ohms (k, 1000), or mega-ohms (M, 106) is a measure of how much a resistor resists the flow of electricity. The magnitude of resistance is dictated by the electric properties of […]

Transistor is an active component and that is establishing in all over electronic circuits. They are used as amplifiers and switching apparatus. As the amplifiers, they are used in high and low level, frequency stages, oscillators, modulators, detectors and in any circuit need to perform a function. In digital circuits they are used as switches. […]

Switch is an electrical component which can make or break electrical circuit automatically or manually. Switch is mainly works with ON (open) and OFF (closed) mechanism. Numerous circuits hold switches that control how the circuit works or actuate different characteristics of the circuit. The classification of switches depends on the connection they make. Two vital […]